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\begin{document}
	
\title{EENG 577 Final Project Proposal}

\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{E. Hildenbrandt, D. Davis, J. Brownlee}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\textit{Department of Electrical Engineering} \\
    \textit{Colorado School of Mines}\\\\}}
\maketitle

%-----------------------------------------------------------
\begin{abstract}
%Alternative sources of energy provide viable solutions for providing power in remote and hard to reach locations. Areas where there are low levels of grid infrastructure and industrial development can benefit the most from wind and solar power generation in a micro-grid format. This proposal looks to develop transient armature winding characteristics on a diesel generator when the alternative source of energy, solar, discontinues production due to variance in solar irradiance.
As renewable penetration increases, the power supply becomes more stochastic. Rural areas lacking reliable grid infrastructure often utilize microgrids as a backup to power critical loads. Here we propose a case study exploring the transient effects of changing solar irradiance in such a microgrid with solar PV, a generator, and a motor.
\end{abstract}
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\section{Introduction}
The key focus of this project is to analyze the time response of the system when the solar generation is dynamically disconnected leaving the generator to carry the full load. By employing state-space modeling, we plan to capture the transient behavior of the micro-grid and gain valuable insight into micro-grid stability with high solar penetration. This will be accomplished using state space models for the generation and load. To simulate industrial conditions, the generation will be modeled as a synchronous machine and the load will be an induction motor operating with a lagging power factor.
%-----------------------------------------------------------
\section{Schematic}
The model will consist of four main components including a synchronous generator, solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, DC to AC inverter, and an induction motor as the load shown in Figure \ref{schematic}. 
\begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3in]{one generators.png}
    \caption{Flowchart of the three devices in the proposed model}
    \label{schematic}
    \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[H]
    \centering
\caption{Preliminary Ratings of the components}
\label{tab:my_label}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
        \hline
         Device &  Rating\\ \hline 
         Motor Load &   0.8pf lagging 100kW continuous, 200kW peak\\ \hline 
        Synchronous Generator & 480V 60Hz 200kVA\\ \hline 
        Solar PV & 80kW 240Vdc\\ \hline 
        Inverter & 80kVA 60Hz 480Vac 240Vdc\\ \hline 
        3ph AC Lines& 480V 525A\\
        \hline
    \end{tabular}
    
\end{table}

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\section{Simulation}
Simulink offers model based simulation engineering (MBSE) where different components can be captured and decomposed into block bodies that accept inputs and provide outputs. The software allows users to integrate multiple interconnected and independent items such that models can be reduced to a minimum number of state variables. Simulink is integrated with Matlab such that sub components of the primary model can use the aid of built in Matlab functions and calculations. 

To accomplish this, we need to further research how solar generation is modeled and how it responds to fault conditions such as voltage sag and overcurrent. This will allow us to better understand what scenarios result in the solar generation to disconnect from the grid. 
% talk about..
% the different elements in the primary model
%       what are the inputs and outputs?
% small amount of specifications on submodels in the primary model
% areas that may required additional research
% - additional research on what inverters do when voltage sags, overcurrent, etc. 
Also, we need to research parallel operation of two generators such that the total power supplied by the source is equivalent to the amount consumed by the load on the assumption that the sources have the same terminal voltage, phase sequence, and the phases are in sync. The basic constraint of connecting two generators in parallel with a load is that the total real and reactive power generated is equal to the total real and reactive power consumed shown in (\ref{real}) and (\ref{reactive}) \cite{chapman}.
% the below may be outside the scope of our current study
% otherwise the frequency would change and make the system unstable  \cite{bibPowerOperation}. Due to the small number of devices on this microgrid our acceptable frequency range is not as tight as the main grid, but it is still important to keep the frequency fairly close to 60Hz.
% The models we have looked at so far have no mechnizum for the frequency to change 
% yeah, even chapman states the transients on the induced torque from changes to the prime mover is outside the scope of the book
\begin{equation}\label{real}
    P_\mathrm{tot} = P_\mathrm{load} + P_\mathrm{loss} = P_\mathrm{G1} + P_\mathrm{G2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{reactive}
    Q_\mathrm{tot} = Q_\mathrm{load} + Q_\mathrm{loss} = Q_\mathrm{G1} + Q_\mathrm{G2}
\end{equation}
% assumptions and initial conditions?
%-----------------------------------------------------------
\section{Conclusion}
Using state based modeling techniques in Simulink we hope to better understand how micro-grids with high levels of renewable energy penetration respond to fluctuations in power form renewable energy sources. Here, we are looking at the transients on the armature windings of the synchronous machine and the oscillations on the induced torque when one of the sources is varied to zero. We expect to see three distinct components including the subtransient period, transient period, steady-state period where each phase winding has a superimposed DC component on top of a symmetrical AC component \cite{chapman}.  

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%\section*{Acknowledgments}
%\vspace{0.1cm}

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\begin{thebibliography}{00}
    %\bibitem[1]{bibPowerOperation} (J Duncan Glover.\textit{Power system analysis \& design.} Boston, Ma, Usa Cengage Learning, 2017.)
    \bibitem[1]{chapman} Stephen J. Chapman. (2005).\textit{Electric Machinery Fundamentals.} McGraw-Hill.
\end{thebibliography}
	
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